Wet-mateable connector

ABSTRACT

A wet-mateable connector for making a connection underwater comprises a male component  10  having a male pin  14  and a female component  20  having a female socket  24  for receiving the male pin. The male component has a male wiper seal assembly  16  which moves between a decoupled and a coupled position during coupling of the male component  10  and female component  20  so as to wipe at least a portion of the male pin  14.  A latch  42 a,  48  is provided which is arranged to latch the male wiper seal assembly  16  to the female component  20  during coupling such that when the male and female components are decoupled, the male wiper seal assembly  16  is returned to the decoupled position.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a reissue of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/104,359filed May 10, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,668,509, which claims priorityto British Patent Application No. 1007841.8 filed on 11 May 2010, and toBritish Patent Application No. 1100909.9 filed on 19 Jan. 2011, whichare incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a connector for making a connection underwater,sometimes known as a “wet-mate” or “wet-mateable” connector.

So called wet-mate connectors are used in underwater applications whereit is necessary to make a connection, such as an electrical or opticalconnection, in an environment which is hostile to contact, for examplein sea water, and which therefore requires special protection for thecomponents that complete the connection.

One example of an application in which an electrical connection must bemade in a harsh underwater environment is that of a well-head in asub-sea oil well.

After assembly of the well-head on the sea bed it is necessary toconnect control cables to sensors and other electrical equipmentassociated with the well-head. The engagement of a control cable with acorresponding connector on the well-head may be carried out by a diver.The two connectable parts typically comprise a receptacle part and aplug part; the latter which becomes inserted within the former. Eachpart comprises a substantially cylindrical body part having within itthe electrical contact. The electrical contact is typically providedwith a protective apparatus to shield it from the surrounding sea water,in order to preserve the integrity of the connector and therefore theelectrical connection when subsequently made.

The receptacle part houses a male connecting pin, and the plug parthouses the complementary female contact socket. Each of the receptacleand plug is attached by a suitable termination means to respectiveelectrical cables. In use, the receptacle part receives the plug partand as it does so the male pin contact penetrates and makes electricalconnection with the female contact socket. Various designs of suchconnector exist in which there may be a single male pin engaging with asingle contact module, or else a plurality of male pins and respectivecontact modules.

In all cases measures must be taken to prevent the electrical contactsfrom being exposed to sea water and other harmful matter, such as oiland drilling fluid for example. Maintaining a good seal around theelectrical contacts may be necessary for long periods. In order toprovide protection for the electrical contacts a number of mechanismsare employed. These include one or more wiper seals arranged to wipecontaminants from the contacts as first a mechanical, and then anelectrical, connection is made between the connecting parts. Anothercommon measure is the use of a so called shuttle pin which occupies inan unconnected configuration a position within the female contact modulewhich will subsequently be occupied by the male contact pin whenelectrical connection is made. In one typical arrangement the plug isgenerally cylindrical with an outer housing surrounding a generallycylindrical contact module in which is mounted an axially slidableresiliently biased shuttle pin. The receptacle part is also generallycylindrical and houses a cylindrical male connector pin. When the plugis inserted into the receptacle the male contact pin of the latteraxially engages the shuttle pin, and as mechanical engagement iscontinued the male pin axially displaces the shuttle pin through thecontact module until electrical connection is made between the male pinand the female contact module. Typically a wiper seal on the plug wipesthe male pin as it penetrates the plug.

Since well-heads are frequently located at great depth, the connectorparts need to be pressure balanced. This is usually achieved by fillingchambers in the connector parts with a pressurised dielectric oil, andproviding one or more expandable bladders or diaphragms to accommodatemovement of the oil as mechanical and electrical engagement is made andunmade.

As well-head connections become more complex with increasingrequirements for monitoring and control equipment, the space availablefor connectors of the kind described above becomes reduced, and thus theneed for more compact connectors increases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the invention aim to provide a wet-mateable electricalconnector for underwater applications which is compact and reliable andwhich provides improved protection for the electrical contacts therein.

The invention is defined in the attached independent claim to whichreference should now be made. Further optional features may be found inthe sub claims appended thereto.

In a broad aspect the invention relates to a wet-mateable connector formaking a connection underwater comprising: a male component having amale pin and a female component having a female socket for receiving themale pin; wherein the male and female components are arranged to bemechanically coupled together such that the female socket receives themale pin, thereby making the connection. The male component may comprisea male wiper seal assembly which moves between a decoupled and a coupledposition during coupling of the male component and female component soas to wipe at least a portion of the male pin. The connector may furthera comprise a latch arranged to latch the male wiper seal assembly to thefemale component during coupling such that when the male and femalecomponents are decoupled, the male wiper seal assembly is returned tothe decoupled position. The connector may comprise a fluid chambercontaining a dielectric fluid disposed in the male or female componentand may further comprise a water ingress treatment module for removingwater from the dielectric fluid.

According to an aspect of the invention there is provided a wet-mateableconnector for making a connection underwater comprising: a malecomponent having a male pin and a female component having a femalesocket for receiving the male pin; wherein the male component has a malewiper seal assembly which moves between a decoupled and a coupledposition during coupling of the male component and female component soas to wipe at least a portion of the male pin; and a latch arranged tolatch the male wiper seal assembly to the female component duringcoupling such that when the male and female components are decoupled,the male wiper seal assembly is returned to the decoupled position. Thelatch may be arranged to latch the male wiper seal assembly to a nose,or front, portion of the female component.

The latch may comprise corresponding latch parts provided on the malewiper seal assembly and the female component that are arranged to engagewith one another so as to latch the male wiper seal assembly to thefemale component. At least one of the corresponding latch parts may beresiliently deformable. One of the latch parts may be a cantileveredplate. The latch may comprise a male latch projection and a female latchrecess that are arranged to be engaged with one another.

The male wiper seal assembly may be axially moveable.

The female component may comprise a female wiper seal disposed such thatwhen the male wiper seal assembly is latched to the female component,the male and female wiper seals abut.

The male component may further comprise a retainer that when engagedretains the male wiper seal assembly in the decoupled position, therebyrestricting the movement of the male wiper seal assembly. The retainermay be arranged to be automatically disengaged during coupling of themale and female components, such that the male wiper seal assembly canmove to the coupled position. The retainer may be arranged to bedisengaged by applying a coupling force to the male wiper seal assemblyfrom the female component in a direction towards the coupled position.The coupling force required to disengage the retainer may be greaterthan the force required to engage the latch such that during coupling ofthe male and female components the latch engages before the retainerdisengages. The retainer may prevent the male wiper seal assembly frombeing withdrawn from the male component.

The retainer may comprise a retaining member and a correspondingretaining recess, at least one of which is resiliently deformable. Theretaining member may be substantially annular and may be disposed in asubstantially annular recess provided in the male wiper seal assembly orin the male component, and wherein the retaining recess may be formed inthe other of the male wiper seal assembly and the male component.

The connector may further comprise a fluid chamber containing dielectricfluid and a water ingress treatment module for removing water from thedielectric fluid; wherein the male and female components are arranged tobe mechanically coupled together such that the female socket receivesthe male pin, thereby making the connection. The fluid chamber may bedisposed or located in the male or female component. The water ingresstreatment module may be disposed within the fluid chamber.

The connector may be arranged such that coupling of the male and femalecomponents causes the dielectric fluid to flow through the water ingresstreatment module. The flow of dielectric fluid may be caused by a changeof volume within the fluid chamber.

One of the components may comprise a shuttle pin at least partiallydisposed within the fluid chamber that moves within the fluid chamber asthe male and female components are coupled, thereby causing thedielectric fluid to flow through the water ingress treatment module. Thefemale component may comprise the shuttle pin which may be part of acontact module which may also comprise the contact socket. Uponcoupling, the male pin may act on the shuttle pin so as to move itwithin the fluid chamber. At least part of the contact module may bedisposed in the fluid chamber. A portion of the shuttle pin may extendoutside of the fluid chamber.

The shuttle pin may be axially moveable. The shuttle pin may be moveablewithin an outer sleeve, which may form part of a contact module, theinterior of which is in fluid communication with the fluid chamber.

The fluid chamber may be sealed. The water ingress treatment module maycomprise a molecular sieve.

The connector may be an electrical connector and/or an opticalconnector.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided awet-mateable connector for making an electrical connection underwater,comprising a male component having a male electrical contact pin and afemale component having a female electrical contact socket for receivingthe male electrical contact pin, characterised in that the connectorcomprises a sealed portion containing dielectric fluid and a wateringress treatment module for removing water from the dielectric fluid.The water ingress treatment module may comprise a molecular sieve.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided awet-mateable connector for making an electrical connection underwater,comprising a male component having a male electrical contact pin and afemale component having a female electrical contact socket for receivingthe male electrical contact pin, characterised in that the malecomponent has a wiper assembly arranged to wipe the male contact pinduring engagement between the male component and female component, andwherein the wiper assembly comprises a latch means arranged in use tolatch onto a corresponding part of the female component duringengagement of the male and female components.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided awet-mateable connector for making an electrical connection underwater,comprising a male component having a male electrical contact pin and afemale component having a female electrical contact socket for receivingthe male electrical contact pin, characterised in that the femalecomponent has primary and secondary wiper seals arranged to wipe themale component during engagement and disengagement.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of exampleonly with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a part sectional view of a male component of a connectorassembly according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a part sectional view of a female component of a connectorassembly for cooperation with the male component of FIG. 1, according toan embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 3a-3h show schematically the male component of FIG. 1 and femalecomponent of FIG. 2 at various stages during mechanical and electricalengagement; and

FIGS. 4a-4e show schematically in more detail some of the stagesdepicted in FIGS. 3a-3h.

DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows generally at 10 a male component of a connector assemblyaccording to an embodiment of the invention. The male component 10comprises a substantially cylindrical hollow shroud housing 12, insidewhich is located a male contact pin 14 which has a first distal end 14a,an annular contact band 14c for making a disengageable electricalcontact with a female component (not shown in FIG. 1, and to bedescribed later) and a second end 14b comprising an electrical terminalfor permanent connection to an electrical cable (not shown).

Mounted on the male pin 14 and axially slidable thereon is aself-latching male wiper seal assembly shown generally at 16, and to bedescribed in more detail below. In FIG. 1 the self-latching male wiperseal assembly 16 is in the decoupled position.

FIG. 2 shows generally at 20 a female component of a connector assemblyaccording to an embodiment of the invention. The component 20 comprisesa substantially cylindrical hollow housing 22 inside which is located afemale contact module 24 comprising an outer sleeve 25.

Located telescopically within the outer sleeve 25 of the contact module24 is an axially slidable shuttle pin 26, which in the disengagedconfiguration depicted in FIG. 2, emerges from an open end 25a of theouter sleeve 25 of the contact module 24. At an opposed end 24b of thecontact module 24 is a cable termination, to which an electrical cable(not shown) is permanently connected in use. A primary wiper seal 28 andan axially spaced secondary wiper seal 30 are located around the shuttlepin 26. The primary and secondary wiper seals 28, 30 are substantiallyannular and are axially fixed with respect to the housing 22.

The primary wiper seal 28 makes and maintains an intimate annularcontact with the shuttle pin 26. The primary wiper seal 28 also retainsa first dielectric fluid under pressure in a first dielectric fluidchamber 32.

The secondary seal 30 also makes and maintains an intimate annularcontact with the shuttle pin 26. The secondary wiper seal 30 retains asecond dielectric fluid within a second dielectric fluid chamber 34.Within the second dielectric fluid chamber 34 a water ingress treatmentmodule 36, in the form of a molecular sieve, has the function ofremoving any droplets of water or other contaminant that may have beeninadvertently introduced into the second dielectric fluid.

Within the contact module 24 is a substantially annular electric contact(not shown) arranged in use to make an electric contact with the contactband 14c of the male contact pin 14 of FIG. 1, when the male and femalecomponents 10 and 20 are in complete electrical and mechanical union. Aswill be described below, the electrical contact is made when the shuttlepin 26 becomes axially displaced by the male contact pin 14 of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 3a-3h show schematically in stages the mechanical and eventualelectrical engagement between the male component 10 and female component20, described above in relation to FIGS. 1 and 2. Reference numeralsused in these figures remain the same throughout.

The component 10, otherwise known as the “receptacle”, despitephysically receiving its counterpart 20, is conventionally described asthe male component due to the presence within it of the male contact pin14 which is arranged in use to penetrate the component 20. Likewise,although the component 20, often referred to as a “plug”, is arranged toenter the component 10, it is conventionally referred to as the femalecomponent because the contact module 24 within it is arranged in use tobe penetrated by the male contact pin 14.

FIG. 3a shows the male 10 and female 20 components spaced apart, butaxially aligned and ready for engagement.

In FIG. 3b a plug nose portion 20a of the female component 20 comes intocontact with the front of the wiper seal assembly 16 of the malecomponent 10.

FIG. 3c shows the male contact 14 of the male component 10 coming intocontact with the axially slidable shuttle pin 26 of the female component20. In addition, a latch portion 16a of the self-latching male wiperseal assembly 16, described in more detail below, begins to latch with acorresponding profile of the plug nose portion 20a of the femalecomponent 20.

In FIG. 3d, the latch portion 16a is fully engaged with the plug noseportion 20a of the female component 20. The male contact pin 14 hasbegun to push back the shuttle pin 26 into the contact module 24 of thefemale component 20.

FIG. 3e shows the male component pin 14 has now pushed through theprimary wiper seal 28 of the female component, driving the shuttle pin26 further into the contact module 24. A continuous seal is maintainedby the primary wiper seal 28 between the shuttle pin 26 and the malecontact pin 14. In the male component 10 the self-latching male wiperseal assembly 16 has begun to be pushed back further into the housing 12by the front portion 20a of the female plug component, as it does sosliding axially on the male contact pin 14. In FIG. 3f the male contactpin 14 is shown passing through the second wiper seal 30.

FIGS. 3g and 3h show the arrangements of the male and female connectorcomponents 10 and 20 in the final stages of electrical and mechanicalengagement. Inside the contact module 24 the male contact pin 14 makesan electrical connection with its counterpart female contact (notshown). The rearward movement of the shuttle pin 26 causes dielectricoil in the second dielectric fluid chamber 34 to flow through the wateringress treatment module 36, which removes any traces of water in thedielectric fluid so as to maintain the electrical performance of thedielectric fluid. The self-latchinq male wiper seal assembly 16 hasmoved axially over the male contact pin 14 rearwards into the housing 12and is in the coupled position.

FIGS. 4a-4e show schematically a more detailed part sectional view ofthe engagement of the male 10, and female 20, components.

FIG. 4a shows the male 10 and female 20 components at initial contact.The self-latching male wiper seal assembly 16 is substantially annularand surrounds the male contact pin 14. In FIG. 4a the self-latchingwiper seal assembly 16 is shown in the normal resting decoupledposition. The self-latching male wiper seal assembly 16 comprises a capbody 40, a resilient cantilever latch plate 42, a solid protectiverubber sleeve 44 and a resilient slotted retaining (latching) ring 46.In the decoupled position the retaining ring 46 is engaged, or located,in an annular groove 12a formed on an inner surface of the housing 12which retains the self-latching male wiper seal assembly 16 in thedecoupled position when the male and female components 10, 20 aredecoupled. The nose part 20a of the female plug component 20 comprisesan annular sleeve 48 having a female profile which is an annular recessarranged to receive and latch with a corresponding male profile 42awhich is an annular projection at the tip of the cantilever plate 42.

In FIG. 4b the first distal end 14a of the male contact pin 14 abuts thedistal end of the shuttle pin 26 and the complementary latching profilesof the annular sleeve 48 and the male profile 42a start to fully engagewith one another.

In FIG. 4c the latching is complete and the male profile of theresilient cantilever latch plate 42 is engaged with the female profileof the annular sleeve 48 of the female component 20. The self-latchingmale wiper seal assembly 16 of the male component 10 is secured, orlatched, to the plug nose portion 20a of the female component 20 by thecorresponding latching profiles. A lip 44a of the solid protectiverubber sleeve 44 abuts the first wiper seal 28 of the female componentto form a water-resistant barrier prior to the passing of the malecontact pin 14 though the first wiper seal 28.

FIG. 4d shows the self-latching male wiper seal assembly 16 of the malecomponent 10 passing further into the housing 12 of the male componentas its slides axially over the male contact pin 14. The slottedretaining ring 46 has become compressed and is disengaged from theannular groove 12a. The retaining ring 46 axially moves with theself-latching male wiper seal assembly 16 since it is constrained withinan annular groove 50 around the self-latching male wiper seal assembly16 inside the bore of the housing 12.

Importantly, in this particular embodiment, the coupling force requiredto disengage the retaining ring 46 from the annular groove 12a isgreater than the force required to engage the latch between the annularsleeve 48 of the female component 20 and the self-latching male wiperseal assembly 16. This ensures that upon coupling of the male and femalecomponents, the self-latching male wiper seal assembly 16 is latched tothe female component 20 before the retaining ring 46 is disengaged.

FIG. 4e shows that when disengaging the male 10 and female 20components, the self-latching male wiper seal assembly 16 of the malecontact pin 14 is drawn out and axially forwards from the coupledposition by its latched engagement with the plug nose portion 20a of thefemale component 20, such that it returns towards its non-engaged, ordecoupled, position. The latching engagement between the female profileof the annular sleeve 48 (on the female component 20) and theself-latching male wiper assembly 16 becomes finally disengaged when theresilient slotted retaining ring 46 reaches the annular groove 12a inthe bore of the housing 12, which prevents further withdrawal of thelatching wiper assembly 16, resulting in the temporary resilientdeformation of the cantilever plate 42.

A key advantage provided by the self-latching facility of theself-latching male wiper assembly 16 is that the wiper assembly returnsto its starting position when the male and female components becomedisengaged, and it does so without the need for any biasing means suchas springs, which take up much-needed space and may be prone to failure.

Although it is described that the self-latchinq male wiper seal assembly16 comprises a male latching portion that is arranged to latch with afemale latching portion provided on the female component, it will beappreciated by one skilled in the art that the male latching portion maybe provided on the female component and the female latching portion maybe provided on the male wiper seal assembly. Furthermore, it is notessential that the corresponding latching parts provided on the malewiper seal assembly and the female component comprise a resilientlydeformable portion. In some embodiments the latching parts may bemagnetic, for example.

As will be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, although ithas been described that the connector is an electrical connector, theconnector could be an optical connector or a hydraulic connector or anycombination thereof, for example.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A wet-mateable connector for making aconnection underwater comprising: a male component having a tubular malehousing within which is disposed a male pin and; a female componenthaving a tubular male housing within which is disposed; a female socketfor receiving the male pin; wherein the tubular male housing is arrangedto receive at least a portion of the female component when the male andfemale components are coupled; wherein the male component has a malewiper seal assembly disposed in the tubular male housing and around themale pin, which moves between a decoupled and a coupled position duringcoupling of the male component and female component so as to wipe atleast a portion of the male pin; and a latch arranged to latch the malewiper seal assembly to the female component during coupling such thatwhen the male and female components are decoupled, the male wiper sealassembly is returned to the decoupled position; wherein the malecomponent further comprises a retainer that when engaged retains themale wiper seal assembly in the decoupled position, thereby restrictingthe movement of the male wiper seal assembly; wherein the retainercomprises a retaining member and a corresponding retaining recess, atleast one of which is resiliently deformable; and wherein the retainingmember is substantially annular and is disposed in a substantiallyannular recess provided in the male wiper seal assembly or in the malecomponent, and wherein the retaining recess is formed in the other ofthe male wiper seal assembly and the male component.
 2. The wet-mateableconnector according to claim 1, wherein the latch comprisescorresponding latch parts provided on the male wiper seal assembly andthe female component that are arranged to engage with one another so asto latch the male wiper seal assembly to the female component.
 3. Thewet-mateable connector according to claim 2, wherein at least one of thecorresponding latch parts is resiliently deformable.
 4. The wet-mateableconnector according to claim 3, wherein one of the latch parts is acantilevered plate.
 5. The wet-mateable connector according to claim 1,wherein the male wiper seal assembly is axially moveable.
 6. Thewet-mateable connector according to claim 1, wherein the femalecomponent comprises a female wiper seal disposed such that when the malewiper seal assembly is latched to the female component, the male andfemale wiper seals abut.
 7. The wet-mateable connector according toclaim 1, wherein the male component further comprises a retainer thatwhen engaged retains the male wiper seal assembly in the decoupledposition, thereby restricting the movement of the male wiper sealassembly.
 8. The wet-mateable connector according to claim 7 1, whereinthe retainer is arranged to be automatically disengaged during couplingof the male and female components, such that the male wiper sealassembly can move to the coupled position.
 9. The wet-mateable connectoraccording to claim 7 1, wherein the retainer is arranged to bedisengaged by applying a coupling force to the male wiper seal assemblyfrom the female component in a direction towards the coupled position.10. The wet-mateable connector according to claim 9, wherein thecoupling force required to disengage the retainer is greater than the aforce required to engage the latch such that during coupling of the maleand female components the latch engages before the retainer disengages.11. The wet-mateable connector according to claim 7 1, wherein theretainer prevents the male wiper seal assembly from being withdrawn fromthe male component.
 12. The wet-mateable connector according to claim 7,wherein the retainer comprises a retaining member and a correspondingretaining recess, at least one of which is resiliently deformable. 13.The wet-mateable connector according to claim 12, wherein the retainingmember is substantially annular and is disposed in a substantiallyannular recess provided in the male wiper seal assembly or in the malecomponent, and wherein the retaining recess is formed in the other ofthe male wiper seal assembly and the male component.
 14. Thewet-mateable connector according to claim 7 1, wherein the retainer,when engaged, acts between the male wiper seal assembly and the tubularmale housing.
 15. The wet-mateable connector according to claim 1,wherein the connector is an electrical connector and/or an opticalconnector.
 16. The wet-mateable connector according to claim 1, whereinthe male pin is disposed entirely within the tubular male housing. 17.The wet-mateable connector according to claim 1, wherein the tubularmale housing is arranged to receive at least a portion of the femalecomponent during coupling.
 18. A wet-mateable connector for making aconnection underwater comprising: a male component having a tubular malehousing within which is disposed a male pin; and a female componenthaving a female socket for receiving the male pin; wherein the tubularmale housing is arranged to receive at least a portion of the femalecomponent when the male and female components are coupled; wherein themale component further comprises: a male wiper seal assembly disposed inthe tubular male housing and around the male pin, which is axiallymoveable and moves between a decoupled and a coupled position duringcoupling of the male component and female component so as to wipe atleast a portion of the male pin; and a retainer that when engagedretains the male wiper seal assembly in the decoupled position, therebyrestricting the movement of the male wiper seal assembly; and which isarranged to be automatically disengaged during coupling of the male andfemale components, such that the male wiper seal assembly can move tothe coupled position; and wherein the connector further comprises: alatch comprising corresponding latch parts provided on the male wiperseal assembly and the female component that are arranged to engage withone another so as to latch the male wiper seal assembly to the femalecomponent during coupling, such that when the male and female componentsare decoupled, the male wiper seal assembly is returned to the decoupledposition; wherein the retainer comprises a retaining member and acorresponding retaining recess, at least one of which is resilientlydeformable; and wherein the retaining member is substantially annularand is disposed in a substantially annular recess provided in the malewiper seal assembly or in the male component, and wherein the retainingrecess is formed in the other of the male wiper seal assembly and themale component.
 19. The wet-mateable connector according to claim 18,wherein the retainer, when engaged, acts between the male wiper sealassembly and the tubular male housing.
 20. The wet-mateable connectoraccording to claim 18, wherein the male pin is disposed entirely withinthe tubular male housing.
 21. The wet-mateable connector according toclaim 18, wherein the tubular male housing is arranged to receive atleast a portion of the female component during coupling.